ingruppi of contiguous sectors, the clusterche are minimum units of storage, in practice the checkboxes digrandezza default. It must be noted that every type of formattazionedel hard drive which is FAT, FAT32 or NTFS, it has a default size deicluster. For example, a type FATsuddivide formatting the hard disk in the cluster, for grandidimensioni disks, is 32 Kbytes each. FAT32 cluster in a 16-Kbyte NTFSin a cluster according to our preferences vary dacirca 4 Kbytes to about half a Kbyte. Obviously, the more clusters sonopiccoli the disk is used more efficiently, using the byte adisposizione on physical media. For example, damemorizzare if the file was only 200 bytes, unused space would be -200 diben 32K bytes per FAT. When a file is written assign to hard disk, this occupies the first space (sector) on the same stock, and many sections are percontenere occupies the entire file. However, if contiguous space is too piccolorispetto the size of the file, the file is divided into one or piùpezzi not contiguous. At the end of each chain of contiguous sectors, vieneinserito a reference that refers to the next field that contains larestante portion of the file, until it reaches the end of the file. A file
, as amended on several occasions, tends to increase didimensioni and then to be written in various job vacancies harddisk, that tends to be written in more "fragments." Azionidi repeated this type, which are entirely normal, straight or lead to a fragmentation of the document, with a consequent slower the lororeperimento by software.La file management on the part of the software is transparent to the user, but the 'hard disk is forced to read in different parts of the disk facciadel, jumping from one sector to another, to provide filecompleto. This implies a slowdown because the hard disk itself, engaged in the search for fragments, takes longer to renderlidisponibili software.
Ladeframmentazione restore the contiguity of files, making them more velocela reading since the system operativo non deve cercare leparti del file sparse per l'hard disk.Alcuni programmi specializzati forniscono la possibilità di effettuarevari tipi di deframmentazione a seconda delle nostre esigenze. Ladeframmentazione può essere effettuata al semplice fine di ricompattarei file frammentati (opzione utile per gli hdd di archivio) oppure peresempio per riordinare i file in ordine alfabetico oppure in base alladata e/o frequenza di accesso ai file. Quest'ultima opzione è moltoutile per hdd che ospitano il sistema operativo e i programmi.
Fonte: wikipedia
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